The breeding of racing pigeons is not without good reason, a major challenge. As described in the previous section, our goal is to breed aces, always dependent on environmental factors. The climate on the beat, the nature and quality of care, the weather on the flights, the training methods, all of these environmental factors affect the result of a flying pigeon. For this very reason, but the evaluation of the quality of a pigeon is so difficult. Because it determines not only the genetic potential, if the pigeon has what it takes to ace, but is also available if and to what extent this potential.
changed millions of children from As-pigeons in the history of the pigeon sport certainly the owner, without having at their new owners (under different environmental conditions) is ever a good racing pigeon, much less put an ace. This illustrates very clearly the strong role of environmental factors in the testing of breeding pigeons. to conclude from this that one can genetics and its findings for the pigeon breeding eventually forgotten, but would be a fatal mistake. The fact that something is difficult does not mean that something is impossible. Moreover, a glance at the pedigrees of most As-pigeons that perform very well but are just hereditary. Very often seen here in all generations of ancestors, top tier with above average benefits as a travel or breeding animal. An ace bird, whose ancestors for generations have provided no proof of performance is not met me personally. Clear, reproducible criteria in the genetic testing
Just because the environment has such a strong influence on the performance of our pigeons, we should do in assessing the characteristics, breeding which we try to minimize environmental dependencies. It is therefore dangerous to the breeding value of a dove exclusively on air power to estimate the pigeons, and even if one flight performance of birds on different beats, and even from different years of traveling compares. Alternatively, is a ranking of the pigeons within a shock that completed all the same itinerary with the same weather, including other factors much more meaningful.
I do it with me so that I in relation to me important breeding objectives (see Part 7) during a seasonal distribution points. Who scored in a criterion, a good eye-catching performance and showed a striking positive behavior, gets points here. Murder, for example, to learn something new, get the pigeons "to jump into the deep end" as the first and understand it a point to intelligence. Travel services are always evaluated relative to their impact comrades. This I try to environmental influences, such as a particularly good way to travel on the beat, the weather on the flights, flights bankrupt, ..., so the pigeons always concern all of a blow, be removed from the review.
Extraordinary flights, such as the weather flights or "bankrupt" are used to award points for endurance / regeneration ability and special ability to orient. Flights with very unfavorable wind are used to score for sense of direction and intelligence to forgive. The behavior during the acclimatization of age on the new shock, and also the behavior during the brood are used in order to award points for territorial behavior. The animals are then monitored throughout the year and distributed points for each breeding goals.
When it comes to mating, the pairs are composed so that all breeding objectives, the highest possible score is achieved. In the breeding objectives no compensatory pairing is operated, then yes I would like to achieve a progressive improvement. In areas that are not part of my breeding goals, such as certain body proportions, however, is operated compensatory breeding, just to produce without extremes.
If pigeons are imported from other beats, I try to select the strokes so that the selection criteria are similar think at this blow. I would never introduce such a dove from a blow which selects preferred by eye signs, as I believe no such thing. On the other hand, I have introduced a Belgian pigeon breeder who sends his animals very often to over 500km, high demands on the innate sense of direction of the animals, because he practiced the training track hard and has a remote in his club. All similar requirements that I set my pigeons.
top sires
All that we do, to give the chance of breeding in a desired direction. But sometimes there are Pigeons that seem special and very much more than other doves, to pass on their characteristics to their offspring. How can this be where we are but, as shown in earlier parts, have a random distribution of genes of the parents do to children? Also, the vast majority of qualities on which we grow in pigeons, ie quantitative need, determined by many genes properties. And their complementary alleles are additive in their properties. So there is not a dominant performance gene, which must be sent only to the descendant is an ace.
First of all, a top sire at particularly high enrichment level of "good" genes has reached in its genome. But in addition, there are two important aspects to highlight here:
first The coupling of genes . In meiosis (maturation of germ cells), although the chromosomes of the mother and father are mixed and distributed in each half on the germ cells, but the single chromosome threads (40 of 40, the mother and father) all remain in each case there! That is, if on a chromosome of the father's already a lot of "good" genes for a particular property are present, they are inherited in a row on the progeny. One speaks in this case also by the coupling of these genes. That means every second pup, and again every second of this young pup, gets the whole Block "good" genes inherited. The coupling of important genes is thus a particularly good explanation for doing away sires for generations. (Paired genes contradict the way of the independence rules of Mendel)
In certain breeding pairs can also occur once a rare coupling of qualitative characteristics (such as plumage color) and performance characteristics, for example, if the allele for the plumage color happens to be on the chromosome strand, sits on the the many performance-favorable genes sit, and all are commonly assigned to the boys. As I said, this linkage is an absolute coincidence and can not and should not be generalized. Just because example, in the young birds from a particular pair of the "greasy blue" fly best, this is not for everyone "greasy blue" birds! Stepped on, it is of course a godsend, because it is evidence for selection.
addition to coupling one must also mention that to in rare cases during meiosis, the paternal and maternal chromosome thread can cross over and then a section between the two chromosomes can be replaced. This is called the CROSSING OVER. The Crossing over can be the reason why these with "good" genes loaded chromosome strand of the top sires is ever created. It may also be the reason why this line again "broken" so that the offspring no longer inherits all the top genes at a time. second The homozygosity: I had homozygous and heterozygous for the terms in Part 3 below. If a gene on both the paternal as exists on the maternal chromosome strand, the same allele, this is called homozygous or homozygous. A homozygous gene is present secured transferred to the children, as is present in all germ cells of the animal's parents that one allele. If we free ourselves from the consideration of individual genes, and consider the entire genome, the question arises as often occur homozygous genes. Say, what is the homozygosity of Ergutes this animal? The higher the homozygosity of the genome, the more secure the individual properties of the animal to be inherited by his descendants! To have a top sires could its extraordinary ability and a high homozygosity particular on the "good" due to genes. This then ensures that a large part of his "good" genes are transferred to the children.
the most widely used tool for increasing the homozygosity in breeding is inbreeding. This is a particular issue, so I'll explain it in a separate Part 9.
0 comments:
Post a Comment